We aimed to develop alternative fishing gear for catching the common Octopus, to decrease the use of bait and operating costs in comparison to commercial net pots. A tubular-type pot was designed, and behavioral responses of the common Octopus were experimentally monitored in tank and replicated 10 times to compare fishing performances between 300 experimental and 300 commercial net pots in the coastal sea of Gangjin, Korea. The behavioral responses under experimental conditions included emergence from the mud den, detection of the bait on the pot surface, and entry into the pot (toward the bait). The field experiment results indicate that numbers and weights of the catch during offshore fishing were 703 (56.0 kg) and 795 (86.3 kg) via tubular-type and net pots, respectively. The catch per unit effort (CPUE) for the number and weight of the tubular-type pot from 10 trials were 0.23 individuals/pot and 18.87 g/pot, respectively; and weight for the net pot were 0.27 individuals/pot and 28.77 g/pot, respectively. No significant difference was noted between the CPUE in catch number for tubular-type and net pots (Kruskal–Wallis test, p=0.305>0.05); however, the CPUE by weight was significantly higher using net pot than tubular-type pot (Kruskal–Wallis test, p=0.01<0.05). The amount of bait used during the experimental period for the tubular-type pots were 1/3.4 less than that of the commercial net pot. Therefore, fishing operating cost for common Octopus was reduced using tubular-type pot.

One of the main duties of managers, is creating a proper ground for doing things by the employees. Some of the managers refuse and afraid of to delegate some of its authority. They think that because they accepted responsibility, delegation of responsibility to others, may not work correctly and their power is reduced. They stay open many of the fundamental tasks organization, including thinking about the future of the organization, staff development and education, policy formulation of organizations and like it. In this article, these types of managers entitle “Octopus Manager” and the charecteristics of them are studied. This article presented a tool to measure Octopus manager. factor analysis method is used to extract factors.

The effects of seasons on lipid and fatty acid profiles of muscle types (mantle and arm) of Mediterranean Octopuses (common Octopus-Octopus vulgaris and musky Octopus-Eledone moschata) were investigated. The results showed that lipid levels ranged from 0.75% to 1.60% in both muscle types of Octopuses which were considered as lean. Lipid levels in mantle tissues of both Octopus species were higher than lipid levels in their arms. Although these two Octopus species contain small amounts of lipid, they are good sources of n-3 PUFAs content (especially EPA and DHA) for all season regardless of muscle types. The highest levels of EPA were obtained from mantle and arms tissues (18.23%) of common Octopus in spring. The highest levels of EPA were obtained from mantle (12.90%) and arms (12.67%) of musky Octopus in autumn and winter. The levels of EPA in both of muscle tissues of common Octopus were found to be higher than levels of EPA in both of muscle tissues of musky Octopus. The highest DHA levels were obtained from mantle tissue (28.17%) of common Octopus in summer. There were significant differences (p<0.05) in the levels of SFA, MUFA and PUFA in terms of species, season, and muscle types.

Terrorism is a phenomenon which considerable attention has been focused on in recent years. In this respect, the criminal code is one of mechanisms has been regarded to combat terrorism. Although the penal code is a tool to response the crimes of punishments of offenders, political entity of terrorism can separate the criminal code from its basic principles in order to combat terrorism procedures and establishing Tool-using for politicians. Notwithstanding this danger (risk), the criminal code has many privileges to the non-legal alternatives which based on the criminal code; it can be preferred to other methods like war. Still, the suggested method is creating a comprehensive method to combat terrorism entities which it is to employ every of these methods besides the others.